The creatures of Japanese folklore
Meet the 妖怪 (yokai) — the spirits, monsters, and shapeshifters of Japan. Every entry tells the legend and breaks down the kanji behind the name.
84 of 178 creatures published so far.

Gotoku-neko
五徳猫A two-tailed cat wearing a hearth trivet as a crown, puffing the embers back to life.
playful
Ungaikyo
雲外鏡A century-old mirror that stops reflecting the room and starts showing whatever it pleases.
mischievous
Shirouneri
白容裔A mildewed dust cloth that takes flight and wraps itself around a sleeping face.
sinister
Boroboroton
暮露々々団A worn-out futon that crawls off its shelf at night to strangle whoever sleeps on it.
vengeful
Namahage
生剥Ogre-masked visiting deities who storm into homes at New Year roaring 'Any crybabies here?'
fierce
Kuchisake-onna
口裂け女A masked woman who asks 'Am I pretty?'—then removes the mask to reveal a mouth slit ear to ear.
menacing
Yamawaro
山童A one-eyed, hairy mountain child—the kappa's winter form—that helps loggers in exchange for food.
ambiguous
Onibi
鬼火Cold blue 'demon-fires' that flicker in graveyards and wetlands, said to be born of the dead.
eerie
Shirime
尻目A faceless figure that stops a traveler, drops its robe, and reveals a shining eye where its anus should be.
prankish
Hitodama
人魂Pale floating orbs of soul-fire that drift from the newly dead near graveyards and rooftops.
eerie
Tsurube-otoshi
釣瓶落としA monstrous head that plummets from treetops to snatch anyone passing beneath at night.
menacing
Sagari
下がりA horse's head that dangles from an old hackberry tree, neighing to frighten passersby.
eerie
Suiko
水虎A fierce, scaled water-tiger relative of the kappa that drags victims beneath the river.
fierce
Gagoze
元興寺One of the oldest recorded oni, a temple demon subdued by a superhuman young acolyte.
menacing
Tesso
鉄鼠The vengeful monk Raigo reborn as a swarm of iron-toothed rats that devour scriptures.
vengeful
Hyosube
兵主部A hairy, grinning river yokai—cousin of the kappa—that loves eggplants and startles bathers.
mischievous
Yamachichi
山地乳A mountain ape-yokai that sucks a sleeper's breath: noticed, you live long; unnoticed, you die.
sinister
Ao-nyobo
青女房A ghostly court lady in a ruined palace, endlessly making up her face to greet a lord who never comes.
sorrowful
Taka-onna
高女A woman who stretches her body impossibly tall to peer, envious, into upper-floor windows.
envious
Katawaguruma
片輪車A single flaming wheel carrying a tormented woman; to glimpse it is to invite doom.
menacing
Oboroguruma
朧車A ghostly ox-carriage bearing a huge, glaring face that drifts through misty nights.
ominous
Nozuchi
野槌A thick, mallet-shaped snake with a gaping mouth that rolls down slopes at travelers.
fierce
Uwan
A voice that suddenly bellows 'Uwan!' from an empty, dilapidated house—and nothing more.
harmless
Keukegen
毛羽毛現A small ball of shaggy hair that lurks in damp corners and brings illness where it settles.
sinister
Koto-furunushi
琴古主A forgotten koto that comes alive to sound old melodies no one plays anymore.
sorrowful
Betobeto-san
Unseen footsteps that follow you at night; say 'please, go ahead' and they pass you by.
harmless
Seto-taisho
瀬戸大将A little general armored in cast-off cups and plates who marshals the household crockery.
playful
Biwa-bokuboku
琵琶牧々A discarded biwa lute turned spirit that wanders playing itself and lamenting its neglect.
sorrowful
Mokumokuren
目目連A swarm of eyes that opens across the torn paper screens of a neglected room.
eerie
Ao-andon
青行燈A blue-lit specter that appears when the hundredth ghost story is told by lantern light.
ominous
Kiyohime
清姫A spurned woman whose rage transforms her into a fire-breathing serpent to hunt down a fleeing monk.
vengeful
Gashadokuro
A colossal skeleton assembled from the bones of the unburied dead that roams to crush the living.
menacing
Kudan
件A human-faced calf that is born, speaks a true prophecy of coming disaster, then dies.
ominous
Hannya
般若The horned, grimacing visage of a woman consumed by jealousy and turned into a demon.
vengeful
Ningyo
人魚A Japanese merfolk—part human, part fish—whose flesh grants immortality to whoever eats it.
mysterious
Baku
獏A chimeric, tapir-like beast that devours nightmares when called upon after a bad dream.
benevolent
Inugami
犬神A dog-spirit familiar that serves a family but can be sent to curse their enemies.
sinister
Amabie
A three-legged, beaked mermaid-like being that rises from the sea to foretell and ward off epidemics.
benevolent
Daidarabocchi
A colossal giant whose footsteps shaped Japan's lakes, hills, and valleys.
gentle giant
Basan
波山A ghostly fire-breathing chicken whose cold flames give no heat.
elusive
Tofu-kozo
豆腐小僧A harmless boy yokai who trots through the rain carrying a block of tofu.
harmless
Funayurei
船幽霊Ghosts of the drowned who beg for a ladle, then use it to swamp and sink your boat.
vengeful
Ushi-oni
牛鬼A savage ox-headed monster that haunts coasts and preys on humans.
fierce
Kodama
木霊The spirit that dwells in an old tree; felling its host brings misfortune.
benevolent
Yamabiko
山彦A small mountain spirit blamed for the echoes that answer you in the hills.
elusive
Kawauso
獺A river otter that shapeshifts and plays tricks, a smaller cousin of the kappa.
playful
Otoroshi
A hairy, tusked guardian beast that perches on shrine gates to punish the irreverent.
menacing
Kejoro
毛倡妓A courtesan whose face and body are entirely hidden by cascading hair.
eerie
Sazae-oni
栄螺鬼A turban-snail that lives long enough to become a shapeshifting sea demon.
cunning
Jorogumo
絡新婦A giant spider that takes the form of a seductive woman to ensnare men.
cunning
Hone-onna
骨女A skeletal woman who, seen as beautiful only by her lover, visits him each night.
sorrowful
Dodomeki
百々目鬼A thieving woman whose arms sprout countless bird-eyes as punishment for stealing coins.
cunning
Wanyudo
輪入道A flaming ox-cart wheel bearing the face of a tormented monk that rolls down roads.
menacing
Kasha
火車A fiery cat-beast that descends at funerals to snatch away the corpses of the wicked.
sinister
Tenjoname
天井嘗A long-necked yokai that licks ceilings, leaving the dark stains you see overhead.
harmless
Akaname
垢嘗A small yokai that creeps into dirty bathhouses at night to lick up the grime.
harmless
Kamaitachi
鎌鼬Whirlwind weasels that slash a traveler's legs with sickle-like claws, leaving painless wounds.
swift
Azukiarai
小豆洗いAn unseen presence heard washing red beans by the river at night.
eerie
Zashiki-warashi
座敷童A childlike house spirit whose presence brings a family fortune.
benevolent
Amanojaku
天邪鬼A small contrarian demon that provokes people into doing the opposite of their intent.
contrarian
Ubume
産女The ghost of a woman who died in childbirth, begging you to hold her baby.
sorrowful
Chochin-obake
提灯お化けA split-mouthed paper lantern spirit with a lolling tongue.
playful
Kasa-obake
傘化けA one-eyed, one-legged umbrella come to life—an icon of tool-spirits.
playful
Futakuchi-onna
二口女A woman with a second, ravenous mouth hidden at the back of her head.
eerie
Umibozu
海坊主A huge black sea spirit that rises to capsize ships in calm waters.
menacing
Nure-onna
濡女A serpent-bodied woman by the water who lures victims to their doom.
sinister
Yamauba
山姥A mountain crone who shelters travelers—then may devour them.
ambiguous
Tamamo-no-Mae
玉藻前A nine-tailed fox disguised as a beautiful court lady who bewitches an emperor.
cunning
Tsuchigumo
土蜘蛛A giant earth spider that ensnares heroes in monstrous webs.
fierce
Shuten-doji
酒呑童子The sake-loving oni king of Mt. Oe, slain by Minamoto no Yorimitsu.
fierce
Nue
鵺A chimeric night beast: monkey's face, tiger's limbs, snake for a tail.
ominous
Mikoshi-nyudo
見越入道A towering bald monk that grows taller the more you look up at it.
menacing
Nurarihyon
滑瓢A gourd-headed old yokai who slips into homes and acts like the master.
mysterious
Hitotsume-kozo
一つ目小僧A childlike, one-eyed monk yokai that startles people on lonely roads.
harmless
Rokurokubi
轆轤首A woman whose neck stretches to impossible lengths at night.
eerie
Nekomata
猫又An old cat whose tail splits in two as it becomes a powerful yokai.
sinister
Bake-danuki
狸A jolly shapeshifting raccoon dog, rival prankster to the fox.
playful
Kitsunebi
狐火Mysterious floating fox-fires that lead travelers astray at night.
eerie
Kitsune
狐A shapeshifting fox spirit that gains tails and wisdom with age.
cunning
Bakeneko
化け猫A cat that gains supernatural powers with age and walks on two legs.
vengeful
Yuki-onna
雪女A pale, beautiful woman of the snowstorm who freezes travelers to death.
mysterious
Tengu
天狗A proud mountain spirit with a red face and long nose, master of martial arts.
proud
Oni
鬼Horned, fanged ogres of immense strength, often red or blue.
fierce
Kappa
河童A mischievous, turtle-like river imp with a water-filled dish on its head.
mischievous