妖怪Yokai Almanac

The creatures of Japanese folklore

Meet the 妖怪 (yokai) — the spirits, monsters, and shapeshifters of Japan. Every entry tells the legend and breaks down the kanji behind the name.

84 of 178 creatures published so far.

Gotoku-neko

Gotoku-neko

五徳猫

A two-tailed cat wearing a hearth trivet as a crown, puffing the embers back to life.

playful
Ungaikyo

Ungaikyo

雲外鏡

A century-old mirror that stops reflecting the room and starts showing whatever it pleases.

mischievous
Shirouneri

Shirouneri

白容裔

A mildewed dust cloth that takes flight and wraps itself around a sleeping face.

sinister
Boroboroton

Boroboroton

暮露々々団

A worn-out futon that crawls off its shelf at night to strangle whoever sleeps on it.

vengeful
Namahage

Namahage

生剥

Ogre-masked visiting deities who storm into homes at New Year roaring 'Any crybabies here?'

fierce
Kuchisake-onna

Kuchisake-onna

口裂け女

A masked woman who asks 'Am I pretty?'—then removes the mask to reveal a mouth slit ear to ear.

menacing
Yamawaro

Yamawaro

山童

A one-eyed, hairy mountain child—the kappa's winter form—that helps loggers in exchange for food.

ambiguous
Onibi

Onibi

鬼火

Cold blue 'demon-fires' that flicker in graveyards and wetlands, said to be born of the dead.

eerie
Shirime

Shirime

尻目

A faceless figure that stops a traveler, drops its robe, and reveals a shining eye where its anus should be.

prankish
Hitodama

Hitodama

人魂

Pale floating orbs of soul-fire that drift from the newly dead near graveyards and rooftops.

eerie
Tsurube-otoshi

Tsurube-otoshi

釣瓶落とし

A monstrous head that plummets from treetops to snatch anyone passing beneath at night.

menacing
Sagari

Sagari

下がり

A horse's head that dangles from an old hackberry tree, neighing to frighten passersby.

eerie
Suiko

Suiko

水虎

A fierce, scaled water-tiger relative of the kappa that drags victims beneath the river.

fierce
Gagoze

Gagoze

元興寺

One of the oldest recorded oni, a temple demon subdued by a superhuman young acolyte.

menacing
Tesso

Tesso

鉄鼠

The vengeful monk Raigo reborn as a swarm of iron-toothed rats that devour scriptures.

vengeful
Hyosube

Hyosube

兵主部

A hairy, grinning river yokai—cousin of the kappa—that loves eggplants and startles bathers.

mischievous
Yamachichi

Yamachichi

山地乳

A mountain ape-yokai that sucks a sleeper's breath: noticed, you live long; unnoticed, you die.

sinister
Ao-nyobo

Ao-nyobo

青女房

A ghostly court lady in a ruined palace, endlessly making up her face to greet a lord who never comes.

sorrowful
Taka-onna

Taka-onna

高女

A woman who stretches her body impossibly tall to peer, envious, into upper-floor windows.

envious
Katawaguruma

Katawaguruma

片輪車

A single flaming wheel carrying a tormented woman; to glimpse it is to invite doom.

menacing
Oboroguruma

Oboroguruma

朧車

A ghostly ox-carriage bearing a huge, glaring face that drifts through misty nights.

ominous
Nozuchi

Nozuchi

野槌

A thick, mallet-shaped snake with a gaping mouth that rolls down slopes at travelers.

fierce
Uwan

Uwan

A voice that suddenly bellows 'Uwan!' from an empty, dilapidated house—and nothing more.

harmless
Keukegen

Keukegen

毛羽毛現

A small ball of shaggy hair that lurks in damp corners and brings illness where it settles.

sinister
Koto-furunushi

Koto-furunushi

琴古主

A forgotten koto that comes alive to sound old melodies no one plays anymore.

sorrowful
Betobeto-san

Betobeto-san

Unseen footsteps that follow you at night; say 'please, go ahead' and they pass you by.

harmless
Seto-taisho

Seto-taisho

瀬戸大将

A little general armored in cast-off cups and plates who marshals the household crockery.

playful
Biwa-bokuboku

Biwa-bokuboku

琵琶牧々

A discarded biwa lute turned spirit that wanders playing itself and lamenting its neglect.

sorrowful
Mokumokuren

Mokumokuren

目目連

A swarm of eyes that opens across the torn paper screens of a neglected room.

eerie
Ao-andon

Ao-andon

青行燈

A blue-lit specter that appears when the hundredth ghost story is told by lantern light.

ominous
Kiyohime

Kiyohime

清姫

A spurned woman whose rage transforms her into a fire-breathing serpent to hunt down a fleeing monk.

vengeful
Gashadokuro

Gashadokuro

A colossal skeleton assembled from the bones of the unburied dead that roams to crush the living.

menacing
Kudan

Kudan

A human-faced calf that is born, speaks a true prophecy of coming disaster, then dies.

ominous
Hannya

Hannya

般若

The horned, grimacing visage of a woman consumed by jealousy and turned into a demon.

vengeful
Ningyo

Ningyo

人魚

A Japanese merfolk—part human, part fish—whose flesh grants immortality to whoever eats it.

mysterious
Baku

Baku

A chimeric, tapir-like beast that devours nightmares when called upon after a bad dream.

benevolent
Inugami

Inugami

犬神

A dog-spirit familiar that serves a family but can be sent to curse their enemies.

sinister
Amabie

Amabie

A three-legged, beaked mermaid-like being that rises from the sea to foretell and ward off epidemics.

benevolent
Daidarabocchi

Daidarabocchi

A colossal giant whose footsteps shaped Japan's lakes, hills, and valleys.

gentle giant
Basan

Basan

波山

A ghostly fire-breathing chicken whose cold flames give no heat.

elusive
Tofu-kozo

Tofu-kozo

豆腐小僧

A harmless boy yokai who trots through the rain carrying a block of tofu.

harmless
Funayurei

Funayurei

船幽霊

Ghosts of the drowned who beg for a ladle, then use it to swamp and sink your boat.

vengeful
Ushi-oni

Ushi-oni

牛鬼

A savage ox-headed monster that haunts coasts and preys on humans.

fierce
Kodama

Kodama

木霊

The spirit that dwells in an old tree; felling its host brings misfortune.

benevolent
Yamabiko

Yamabiko

山彦

A small mountain spirit blamed for the echoes that answer you in the hills.

elusive
Kawauso

Kawauso

A river otter that shapeshifts and plays tricks, a smaller cousin of the kappa.

playful
Otoroshi

Otoroshi

A hairy, tusked guardian beast that perches on shrine gates to punish the irreverent.

menacing
Kejoro

Kejoro

毛倡妓

A courtesan whose face and body are entirely hidden by cascading hair.

eerie
Sazae-oni

Sazae-oni

栄螺鬼

A turban-snail that lives long enough to become a shapeshifting sea demon.

cunning
Jorogumo

Jorogumo

絡新婦

A giant spider that takes the form of a seductive woman to ensnare men.

cunning
Hone-onna

Hone-onna

骨女

A skeletal woman who, seen as beautiful only by her lover, visits him each night.

sorrowful
Dodomeki

Dodomeki

百々目鬼

A thieving woman whose arms sprout countless bird-eyes as punishment for stealing coins.

cunning
Wanyudo

Wanyudo

輪入道

A flaming ox-cart wheel bearing the face of a tormented monk that rolls down roads.

menacing
Kasha

Kasha

火車

A fiery cat-beast that descends at funerals to snatch away the corpses of the wicked.

sinister
Tenjoname

Tenjoname

天井嘗

A long-necked yokai that licks ceilings, leaving the dark stains you see overhead.

harmless
Akaname

Akaname

垢嘗

A small yokai that creeps into dirty bathhouses at night to lick up the grime.

harmless
Kamaitachi

Kamaitachi

鎌鼬

Whirlwind weasels that slash a traveler's legs with sickle-like claws, leaving painless wounds.

swift
Azukiarai

Azukiarai

小豆洗い

An unseen presence heard washing red beans by the river at night.

eerie
Zashiki-warashi

Zashiki-warashi

座敷童

A childlike house spirit whose presence brings a family fortune.

benevolent
Amanojaku

Amanojaku

天邪鬼

A small contrarian demon that provokes people into doing the opposite of their intent.

contrarian
Ubume

Ubume

産女

The ghost of a woman who died in childbirth, begging you to hold her baby.

sorrowful
Chochin-obake

Chochin-obake

提灯お化け

A split-mouthed paper lantern spirit with a lolling tongue.

playful
Kasa-obake

Kasa-obake

傘化け

A one-eyed, one-legged umbrella come to life—an icon of tool-spirits.

playful
Futakuchi-onna

Futakuchi-onna

二口女

A woman with a second, ravenous mouth hidden at the back of her head.

eerie
Umibozu

Umibozu

海坊主

A huge black sea spirit that rises to capsize ships in calm waters.

menacing
Nure-onna

Nure-onna

濡女

A serpent-bodied woman by the water who lures victims to their doom.

sinister
Yamauba

Yamauba

山姥

A mountain crone who shelters travelers—then may devour them.

ambiguous
Tamamo-no-Mae

Tamamo-no-Mae

玉藻前

A nine-tailed fox disguised as a beautiful court lady who bewitches an emperor.

cunning
Tsuchigumo

Tsuchigumo

土蜘蛛

A giant earth spider that ensnares heroes in monstrous webs.

fierce
Shuten-doji

Shuten-doji

酒呑童子

The sake-loving oni king of Mt. Oe, slain by Minamoto no Yorimitsu.

fierce
Nue

Nue

A chimeric night beast: monkey's face, tiger's limbs, snake for a tail.

ominous
Mikoshi-nyudo

Mikoshi-nyudo

見越入道

A towering bald monk that grows taller the more you look up at it.

menacing
Nurarihyon

Nurarihyon

滑瓢

A gourd-headed old yokai who slips into homes and acts like the master.

mysterious
Hitotsume-kozo

Hitotsume-kozo

一つ目小僧

A childlike, one-eyed monk yokai that startles people on lonely roads.

harmless
Rokurokubi

Rokurokubi

轆轤首

A woman whose neck stretches to impossible lengths at night.

eerie
Nekomata

Nekomata

猫又

An old cat whose tail splits in two as it becomes a powerful yokai.

sinister
Bake-danuki

Bake-danuki

A jolly shapeshifting raccoon dog, rival prankster to the fox.

playful
Kitsunebi

Kitsunebi

狐火

Mysterious floating fox-fires that lead travelers astray at night.

eerie
Kitsune

Kitsune

A shapeshifting fox spirit that gains tails and wisdom with age.

cunning
Bakeneko

Bakeneko

化け猫

A cat that gains supernatural powers with age and walks on two legs.

vengeful
Yuki-onna

Yuki-onna

雪女

A pale, beautiful woman of the snowstorm who freezes travelers to death.

mysterious
Tengu

Tengu

天狗

A proud mountain spirit with a red face and long nose, master of martial arts.

proud
Oni

Oni

Horned, fanged ogres of immense strength, often red or blue.

fierce
Kappa

Kappa

河童

A mischievous, turtle-like river imp with a water-filled dish on its head.

mischievous